Synthesis of Fe–Ni–TiO₂/activated carbon nanoparticles and evaluation of catalytic activity in a palm oil/diesel fuel blended diesel engine and optimization with RSM

Although diesel engine emissions, which can pose serious risks to the environment and human health, be reduced with biodiesel/diesel fuel blends, combining an oxidation catalyst a sizable oxygen storage capacity more effectively reduce emissions from engines. In this study, Fe–Ni–TiO 2 /Activated Carbon (AC) was produced used as catalyst. Experimental studies were performed on four-stroke by adding at numerous concentrations (0–50–100 ppm) /AC nanoparticles (NP) Palm Oil biodiesel (PO)-diesel blend. Optimum conditions determined modelling obtained data in response surface methodology (RSM). The outcomes considerable decrease hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke emissions. Optimization pointed out that ideal running requirements 1750 W load, 100 ppm NP amount, 30% PO ratio. Responses for these optimum Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Thermal Efficiency (BTHE), CO, HC, NO , 999.06 g/kWh, 27.07%, 0.032%, 40.63 ppm, 818.18 4.26%, respectively. R values showed result created model good agreement experimental results.